And be careful to not mix different punctuation marks. Or. The en dash is twice as long as a hyphen and is most commonly used to signify a range between two words or numbers, for example the date range: 1990-2014. [Emphasis mine. ) When it’s in the middle of the sentence, it doesn’t need to be followed by a comma. If the interruption occurs at the. 1月—7月 "January to July", which can also be written 1月到7月, with the character 到 in place of the dash). En and em dashes are longer than the hyphen. The Unicode standard introduced a separate character U+2015 ― HORIZONTAL BAR to be used as a quotation dash. 91 Em dashes in lieu of quotation marks; 6. The raya (em-dash) usually indicates separation; for example, it signals interventions of. Em dash (—) Twice as long as the en dash, the em dash can be used in place of a comma, parenthesis, or colon to enhance readability or emphasize the conclusion of a sentence. In Unicode, the em dash is U+2014 (decimal 8212). the first word after a colon, em dash, or end punctuation in a heading. In HTML, XHTML, or XML, you can use a character escape to represent any Unicode character using only ASCII letters. The en dash is a symbol (–) that is slightly wider than a hyphen (-). I agree that it should try to match the size of the missing word. En dashes (–) represent a range between numbers, dates, and times. The em dash can be used in place of commas, colons, semicolons, and parentheses to increase sentence variety and readability. An em-dash is used to show a break in thought—not in velocity—within a sentence (for not the greatest example). — Lo siento, no lo sabía. It could be written with a semicolon, a colon, or a period (or a. While the em dash is used to indicate a sudden break or interruption in a sentence, the en dash is primarily used to show a range or connection between two elements. Em-dashes. British authors often prefer to use an en-dash ( – ) with spaces on either side rather than the em. Use a dash in dialogue to show an interruption or a sudden break in thought. The employee—hoping to go home early—rushed her tasks. . This type of dash is usually used to omit a person's name or. An em is simply a unit of measurement within the field of typography. I am thinking the product_code value may actually contain an -en-dash- or an -em-dash- or something other than 0x2D that is getting displayed correctly (somehow) with the combination of CubeCart, PHP, the web server and the web browser. He worked in his office-cum-dining room. It can be used to separate the elements of a date: 10 septembre 1973 = 10. Anything powerful enough to cross the Wall usually retained enough magic to assume the shape of a soldier, or to become invisible. This eliminates option A. Etc. In the case of an actual question being asked I feel the mark would go before the em-dash. [Emphasis mine. — Este libro es mío. An en dash is. An em dash is longer than the en. However, in this case also why is there an em-dash anyways? If the exclamation or question is full and complete then why is there an "abrupt break in speech. But in that case the dash is supposed to be the length of the omitted word, not just a mere em-dash. Hyphens are used to create compound words like: Load-bearing; Well-loved; Great-looking; Less-commonly used punctuation marks Interrobang. To properly use the em dash, spaces should not be placed around it unless the text is being italicized. , May–December or 1995–2020) or pages (e. (stenoscript) The dash may be written low, along the baseline, or high, at x-height, as convenient for whichever letters it links to. To insert an em dash in MS Word, you must: Type a word (don’t put a space after it) Type two hyphens. This means we only use one em dash instead of two when the interruption comes at. Em dashes can be used in the following ways: 1. Like parentheses, the em dash can set off nonessential elements; but it does the parentheses one better—it can also set off essential elements. Examples. en-dash — Midsized hyphen (–) named en-dash because the dash historically is the length of a lowercase m. You create an em-dash by typing two hyphens, and most word processing programs will tie them automatically into the longer dash. In the native Mac word processor, Text Edit, you’ll have access to the. punctuation. Em Dash: —. When print spacing or font types make it difficult to determine the length of the line, remember that hyphens join words and word parts together and dashes separate thoughts or ideas. In Google docs, use insert special character. Fig. Hold down the left. The 2010–2011 season was our best yet. style guides frequently recommend using em dashes for the purposes above, while using en dashes for ranges, etc. The exclamation point and question mark denote strong emotion or a question, respectively. g. Select the Close button to close the Find and Replace dialog box (see figure 7). On cell phones running Android’s Gboard or iOS operating systems, press and hold the hyphen on the onscreen keyboard. The first is in pairs—doing this right here can help you to segment a side piece of information—or they can be used to break a sentence into a separate section nearer the end. Windows. " Until some more people post on this I'd take my post with a grain of salt. Who doesn’t like dashes as emphasis techniques? Just consider the following guidelines: • Note that em-dashes are more emphatic than commas. Collingwood as Mr. Then, click Undo Dash. Several options will pop up, including the em dash. Fiber in the U. Microsoft Word shows the em dash as soon you press enter after finishing the. These marks are available in most word processors, though many people simply use single and double quotation marks: 5’ 10”. And when em dashes are setting off material that requires a punctuation mark like a question mark or exclamation. En dashes can be used to separate a date range or span of time. 1. Many programs also automatically create an em dash when you type two single hyphens together. ” Em dashes are the most versatile, nuanced, and. An em dash is the width of the letter "m" in the font and type size being used, and should never be used in place of an en dash or hyphen. 1)”Can we go to the cinema?” she asked. Em Dashes The em dash is the longest line among these marks of punctuation (—). Modern Japanese uses the question mark in the same way English speakers do to denote a question, be it typed or handwritten. ”. If you want to make your writing easier to read and generally look more professional, you should know what. An en dash is always used without any space before or after it. To type the — using the keyboard you can the Alt code from the shortcode section. Parentheses diminish the importance of a phrase, while dashes enhance it. The Dash. the first word of a subtitle. You may see an EN dash used in the same way as the EM dash. The em dash performs a versatile function to help separate certain words from the rest of a sentence. Examples of when to use an en dash include the following: pages 10–25. ”. The general rule is that a sentence ends with only one terminal punctuation mark. dashes. The above shortcuts are all valid ways you can use to type the em. —dijo María con calma. Like the em dash, the en dash is typically available on your word processor’s symbol map, or it may even be inserted automatically by your word processor when you type inclusive numbers or dates with a hyphen between them. In something called an appositive—a phrase that provides more information—you can use an em dash instead. Example: You’ll see him if you look”—she pointed across the street—“just over there. Use an em dash to join independent clauses. This is also true for the dot part of the question mark, and exclamation mark. Write an em dash. If you want more design. Some methods for forming these punctuation marks on a PC: En dash—hold down the Alt key and type 0150 on the numeric keypad. One to look out for: the colon. Imagine someone saying the line, rather than it being inner monologue. If you want to make your writing easier to read and generally look more professional, you should know what. 1. There should be no space between the en dash and the adjacent material. If the list follows the independent clause, it is best to use a colon instead. 92 Em dashes in lists, indexes, and tables;. Learn more about punctuation. The second option likens the word to verbs like fit and knit, which are usually uninflected. Dashes are generally more abrupt and can signify a rapid change of topic. So:Figure 1. What is a hyphen? It is a short horizontal line (-) used as a punctuation mark. It’s a long dash, the length of two connected hyphens. An en dash (–), the second-longest “dash,” is used to show how a range of things in writing are related to one another. Our Rule 1 of Spacing with Punctuation states, “With a computer, use only one space following periods, commas, semicolons, colons, exclamation points, question marks, and quotation marks. At the two corresponding places you will find the upside down exclamation resp. Chicago 6. There should be no space on either side of the dash, including when it is followed by a quotation mark. S. For instance, you would render a character named Mr. Em dashes can be used similarly to parentheses and commas, however, they are usually considered. If you use it in academic writing, you might look unsure of yourself. 1986–1998Tip. you might notice em dashes and commas getting along just fine. That may occasionally appear in old writing, where em dashes after commas and semicolons are more common. The longer EM dash is used as a break or to separate additional information in a sentence. Em dashes (also known as m-dashes or em rules). Alternatively, pairs of em dashes are used to mark off additionalMy question is the same as keymap swap underscore and dash, but for Windows instead of Linux. This is really useful if you're a few words over the 650 word limit and need to trim a bit. En dashes are shorter than em dashes, and they indicate a range or connection between numbers or words. Period, question mark, exclamation mark, comma. Remember to: Use a colon to emphasize dialogue, show titles and time, or introduce a list. Hold down. 1月—7月 "January to July", which can also be written 1月到7月, with the character 到 in place of the dash). To illustrate, I’m going to reproduce the first sentence of this paragraph, but with a semicolon:Question Marks, Exclamation Points, and Em Dashes. On a typewriter, a comma or a period takes the same amount of space as any other letter. However I run into a bump with special characters like curly quotes en and em dashes etc. I just replace ' with ’ text like below and my site in browser show apostrophe without rectangle around as in question ask. Examples. Parenthetical expressions, despite their name, don’t always have to be between parentheses. An em dash is a punctuation mark used to separate elements within a sentence, typically words or phrases that are too long to be separated by commas or need a dramatic pause during reading. The en dash will appear in the text field where your cursor is. It is used to break up a longer sentence, usually to insert a phrase into the middle or end of a. When a pair of em dashes sets off material ending with an exclamation point or a question mark, the mark is placed inside the dashes. Think of them as shouting, speaking, and whispering. Rule #5. The patient reported taking 15 (?) milligrams of alprazolam. Type a word. The final, foolproof way to type an em dash in Word is to go to the. Pre-electric typewriters normally had only the hyphen-width dash to apply to situations calling for em dashes, so the usual method in U. There is no piece of punctuation that means pause. As an outcome those characters are generated in the excel as shown below, which contains a kind of question mark. Some word-processing programs have a mark called an em-dash (longer than a hyphen), which can be used with no space before or after it. This. At the end of a sentence. For further reasons, why you should use T1 encoding, have a look at this question: Why should I use usepackage[T1]{fontenc}? You should use a. I believe you can also type a space before typing the quote, then delete the space. ] There’s even more explanation: If the break belongs to the surrounding sentence rather than to the quoted material, the em dashes must appear outside the quotation marks. Option C is eliminated because there must be some punctuation for linking. En Dash Examples. Write an en dash. Some authorities include a space between the uncertain word and the opening parenthesis; others omit the space (as shown in the example below). This will insert the em dash symbol into your Word document. But it is necessary first to make the difference between a hyphen, and an em dash vs en dash. Some authorities include a space between the uncertain word and the opening parenthesis; others omit the space (as shown in the example below). The en dash is approximately the length of the letter N, and the em dash the length of the letter M. After three weeks of deliberation, the jury finally reached a verdict: guilty. In general it is the same length as an em-dash, and so this is often used instead. An em dash or a pair of em dashes may indicate a sudden break in thought or sentence structure or an interruption in dialogue. ). Included marks are the period, comma, semi-colon, colon, question mark, exclamation point, quotation mark, parenthesis, and dash. Google Docs: Type two hyphens in a row (it will become an en dash) If you’re using Microsoft Word, you can use autoformat to create an en dash. Dashes and hyphens. b) The Kingdom of Bahrain has a settled well-educated population. A Hebrew period in a traditional serif face usually looks like a tiny tilted square (a diamond; ). In all uses of the en dash, you should be able to substitute the word “to” or “through” for the dash. Guion y raya (Hyphen and Em-dash) 9. The em-dash would indicate something like raising the eyebrows right at the end, or tilting the head down and looking up from under the. Writers have three choices of punctuation to set off sentence interrupters—commas, parentheses, and em dashes. In addition, write the punctuation mark next to your translation. Two em dashes can be used to indicate missing portions of a word, whether unknown or intentionally omitted. They can add more information to a sentence making it clearer and easier for the listener to imagine what is being described in detail. @Kenny LJ, please remember there are no absolute rules about the use of any kind of dash as opposed to others… so em-dashes matter here only in the guidelines specified by your house style-book. Punctuation is the tool that allows us to organize our thoughts and make it easier to review and share our ideas. The en dash (–) → which is like a slightly longer hyphen. Check out all the nuances of this tricky punctuation mark. This is more of a life lesson rather than a question of if an em dash is formal or informal. ”Command for an Em dash on a mac : Shift-Option-Hyphen; Command for an Em dash on Microsoft Word : Alt + Ctrl + (minus) Em dash in HTML : — or — En Dash. Use em dashes to do the following: Set off explanatory. Francisco Santa Cruz, Strategic Communication – Advertising and Public Relations major with a minor in Mathematics; Em dash. And like a colon, it can introduce a word or a clause that describes or expands upon what precedes it. The Spanish names for the hyphen, en-dash and em-dash are guión, semiraya o raya menor, and raya, respectively. For Windows, press Ctrl+Alt +Minus (-) or Alt+0151. parentheses. Don’t be confused: punctuation can change!) Also, em dashes don’t get along with periods at all. Actual output : 1993 1995 Expected output : 1993 – 1995 I have done the UTF-8 encoding in Java but still getting the same output in the excel. Em Dash — : ALT 0151; En Dash – : ALT 0150; Double Left Angle Quotation Mark « : ALT 0171 ; Double Right Angle Quotation Mark » : ALT 0187; Inverted Question Mark ¿ : ALT 0191; Inverted Exclamation Mark ¡ : ALT 0161; Symbol and Special Characters. Capitalize only the following words: the first word of the title or heading. Like commas and parentheses, em dashes often set off descriptive or parenthetical information. Original text in html page Click the Edit button to change a field's label, width and type-ahead options Replace text in html page Click the Edit button to change a. ) when I included the Insert statement to store data retrieved from the final select statement to a table, the dash character is being replaced with another character. ’ — Eleanor Roosevelt. Treat etc. See wikipedia. If the second clause starts with who then it will become dependent and therefore won't be preceded by a semicolon. It doesn't. 8. The em-dash would indicate something like raising the eyebrows right at the end, or tilting the head down and looking up from under the eyebrows. a. What is the difference between en and em dashes? The shorter en dash (–) is used to mark ranges and with the meaning “to” in phrases like “Dover–Calais crossing. The Oxford Manual of Style once stated, “If you take hyphens seriously, you will surely go mad. There are specific rules for punctuating that, too: StutterThe Function of the Em Dash The em dash ( — ) is usually an alternative to another punctuation mark. EM dashes are wonderful if used correctly in poetry, but not in stories (especially being useless around question marks). figure dash – 8211: 2013 – en dash — 8212: 2014 — em dash ― 8213: 2015 : horizontal bar ‖ 8214: 2016 : double vertical line ‗ 8215: 2017 : double low line ‘ 8216: 2018 ‘ left single quotation mark ’ 8217: 2019 ’ right single quotation mark ‚ 8218: 201a ‚ single low-9 quotation mark ‛ 8219: 201b. It has two main functions. Within moments of our first interaction — over. 1. Em dashes are used to replace commas, parentheses, colons, and semicolons. When Your Punctuation Says It All (!) 364. The en dash (–) is one-half the width of an em. " I know you can replace em dashes with — and n-dashes with – (which should be done on the input side of your database); I don't know what the correct replacement for the smart quotes would be. Write with Grammarly What is an em dash? Em dashes differ from other hyphens and dashes not only in usage, which we will discuss shortly, but also in appearance. However, you can use dashes or em-dashes. 87): English learners commonly make the mistake of using em dashes incorrectly. It's difficult for me to judge the tone of the sentence examples you used, so I can't give a specific suggestion. However, some style guides, such as the Associated Press. For example, don’t use a dash to begin the interrupter and a comma. In Spanish, the en-dash is not widely used although, due to English influence, its use has become rather common nowadays. You can also use the Alt key in combination with a sequence of numbers of insert an em dash or en dash. There are two types of dash. They also can be used to focus a reader or highlight tone within a. Use an em dash to mark sharp turns in thought. g. It indicates that the width of a printed matter is equal to its point size or height. No comma is implied. Type this sign on Mac, press and hold the Command (⌘) key and the hit the M key. Signo de exclamación (Exclamation Point) 8. In fact, em dashes can find an even greater role in dialog: they can replace quotation marks, though this is less common in English than in other languages. 6. Below is a list of punctuation marks written in English; translate each term into French. In order to type an en dash on a Mac product, you can hold down the ‘Option’ and ‘-‘ keys simultaneously and an en dash ‘–’ should appear. An em dash is a punctuation mark that can be used to replace commas, parentheses, colons, and semicolons. The em-dash emphasizes the conclusion of the sentence, but with less formality than a colon. However, there is a specific use native speakers give to this Spanish punctuation mark: in emails or letters, greetings are written using colons, whereas in English you usually use a comma unless you’re being very formal. Mingo Evil Flamingo, Feb 21, 2010 #3. The most common types of dashes are the en dash (–) and the em dash (—). Em Dashes. According to the Wikipedia article "Quotation mark" (section "Quotation dash"):. This is a common editing mark and has several uses, but its primary purpose is to separate clauses and huge parts of the sentence. the question mark. Many authors and publications choose to use a space either side of the dash, and even sometimes an en dash in place of an em dash. In English, there is no space between the word preceding the punctuation mark and the punctuation mark itself. Then, after you press the space bar after the word after the dash, most word processing programs will turn those two little hyphens‐‐into an em dash—like so. Punctuation Marks Wheel : This 2-page print-out makes a punctuation marks wheel; it consists of a base page together with a wheel that spins around. Among the 16 most commonly used punctuation marks are the period, question mark, exclamation point, and comma. There is a space before the first period and after the last period. [Emphasis mine. This little symbol is beloved. ex. Here are some rules for how to use interrupters. One other exception is dialogue, where authors will. Ellipsis, dash, and colon. When you type the hyphen, en dash, and em dash, no spaces should appear on either side of the punctuation mark. The example I saw comes from a tweet, reproduced here for convenience: "For today in the city of David there has been born for you a Savior—not a divine social justice warrior, not a liberation. ago. The em dash “—” and the en dash “–” are the two most popular dash forms. To create the em dash on a Macintosh-based system, hold down the Shift and Option keys and press. ” Originally, typewriters had monospaced fonts (skinny letters and fat letters. Otherwise, confusion rather than clarity is likely. No commas following the em dashes. Em dashes can replace ellipses to show an abrupt break in a conversation. If you’re adding extra information to clarify a sentence, you’re using a parenthetical expression. Dashes might look like hyphens, but they aren’t the same. AP refers to these simply as dashes and requires a space on either side. If a sentence ends with quoted material, the period is placed inside the closing quotation mark, even if the period is not part of the original quotation. The em dash (—) is a versatile punctuation mark used to enhance the readability and clarity of written text. )The dash (—) is a mark of punctuation used to set off a word or phrase after an independent clause or a parenthetical remark (words, phrases, or clauses that interrupt a sentence). c) He thinks that an apple a day keeps the doctor away. It is shorter than an em-dash and longer than a hyphen. Type the keyboard shortcut or caret code into the Find what text box (see figure 4). Don’t put any spaces before and. That doesn't change the fact that in 60 years of reading, I've never come across a trust-worthy writer using any dash directly after a comma, nor. . The em dash should be used sparingly in your writing. When you describe a flight or itinerary, you can use an en dash. Infographic: How to use an em dash. —respondió Carlos. 6. When you want to highlight the end of your statement without giving it all to a colon, use an em dash. In 3, the dash is used in place of a comma, since the change in tone is occuring at the same time as the dialog is being spoken, or near enough that it's the same action. –5:00 p. Being so versatile can create confusion if overused, therefore it is best limited to two appearances per sentence. Key stroke shortcuts: em-dash = alt + 0151; en-dash = alt + 0150. (Check out more punctuation. Type another word. The em dash, also known as the mutton dash or em rule, refers to the em. Em-dashes in Place of a Semicolon. Question mark. The em dash does not mean pause. Incorrect. The ellipsis suggests that Isaac cannot concentrate. A dash is longer than a hyphen and is commonly used to indicate a range or a pause. I'd ask that proof reader what their source is for that because. ) You can achieve that. The question mark needs to go after Language. Em dash—press option+shift+hyphen key. ” The longer em dash (—) is used to separate extra information or mark a break in a sentence. The en dash is less well known than. For example, this sentence just looks plain wrong: Jenny said , “ That’s unbelievable ! ”. 89), would be to only use an em dash after a period if the period marked an abbreviation: An em dash derives its name from being the approximate width of a capital M. If your style guide calls for spaces around a dash, you use a different character altogether, the "en-dash. This eliminates option B. It’s equal to the specific point size in any given typeface. It gets its name from its size which is the. " Wikipedia has a descent overview on dashes, especially noting the differnet ways to reflect either and em-dash or an en-dash. It then gives two examples, the second of them demonstrating that "the period . I agree that it should try to match the size of the missing word. It’s known for being a one-job punctuation mark because it simply communicates questions. Accordingly, the em dash, under the right circumstances, serves as an alternative to any of the other marks—the comma, colon, semicolon, and parentheses—as long as it is used sparingly. Translation. Em dashes, in contrast, are frequently used to signal an abrupt change, suggest a pause, or set off a clause within a sentence. This is largely the result of the many different ways the comma is used. The em dash is a versatile mark used to define, explain, and insert material. Here are the code points for the Unicode dashes that are of the Common script, along with their general categories. It is the doppelgänger of the. When a pair of em dashes sets off material ending with an exclamation point or a question mark, the mark is placed inside the dashes. Typically I replace these special characters in a microsoft product first with replace. An em dash (—) is the longest of the three dashes and can be used to set off a break in the sentence, as well as add emphasis. Most of the time, adverbs will end in the letters -ly but there are some exceptions to this rule such as the words “very” and “never”. For example, don’t use a dash to begin the interrupter and a comma. 27, 2015. To format an em dash in Word, type two hyphens, with no spaces, between the words—the dash will automatically form as you continue typing. That is much better than the translation witnessed in other systems, where a bullet in a bulleted list was changed to &bull. These dashes differ not only in their length but also in the function they perform in a sentence. And the final em dash before the question mark does nothing but to emphasize the distraction, in my opinion. Use to indicate duration or continuing or inclusive numbers such as dates, times or reference numbers, use an en-dash (a slightly. En dash ( –) When connecting two words to signify a range, Chinese generally uses an en dash occupying the space of one character (e. On a Mac. The correct use of question and exclamation marks. 3. The long dash is the widest of the three horizontal marks that may be used in the middle of a sentence. Em dashes (—) are extremely versatile. But in that case the dash is supposed to be the length of the omitted word, not just a mere em-dash. Discussion in 'Word Mechanics' started by Bone2pick, Dec 12, 2022. e. You can use such punctuation as periods, commas, semi-colons, colons, parentheses, brackets, quotation marks, dashes, exclamation points, question marks and some others. Both Word and Scrivener automatically convert two consecutive hyphens (--) to an em-dash (—), the technical name for this punctuation mark. In traditional Japanese, questions were simply punctuated with a full stop rather than a question mark. Spaniards actually have a bit of a hard time when learning those alternative uses in. While closely related to other dashes—like the en dash (–) and hyphen (-)—the em dash serves a unique role in typography. ) If I run the sql statements of the stored procedure until the final select statement only, the data look fine, dash character is still a dash character. To illustrate, I’m going to reproduce the first sentence of this paragraph, but with a semicolon: 'Break/Fold Mark'. DASHES. There are three options: Period. , accordingly, consequently, for example, nevertheless, so, thus). But to show a true interruption, the kind that occurs when a speaker is cut off in the middle of sentence or a word, we’ll need something stronger than a comma—namely, an em dash (see also CMOS 6. Example em dashes: Upon discovering the errors—all 124 of them—the publisher. Resume the dialogue with another opening quotation mark, complete the dialogue, and end with a period and a closing quotation mark. When typing, a hyphen looks like this: (-). These punctuation marks may fall outside of the closing quotation mark in some cases. APPLICATION. 1. Do not put a space before or after the dash. 89 Em dashes with other punctuation; 6. You did not tell us which hyphen you use, see answer from MT0. is omitted in deference to the question mark". Like commas and parentheses, em dashes often set off descriptive or parenthetical information. An alternative way of displaying speech is via the em dash. Depending on the context, the en dash is read as “to” or “through. So I wouldn't say that the dash as an actor can perform the same roles as terminal punctuation, as periods or question marks or exclamation points, but. 2. parentheses. When it comes to usage, the ellipsis resembles a couple of other punctuation marks: the dash and the colon. The following list shows some of the most. The different styles of dashes include the en dash “–”, the em dash “—”, and the horizontal bar “―”. Hold down the Alt key, press 0 1 5 0 on the numeric pad, and then release the Alt key. That might be something worth fixing in case you have people with accents in their names, that are.